Spanish Studies

Day 2 Notes
Summary: We went through the rules that regulate the conjugation of some irregular verbs. I was also given a list of verbs that do not follow any particular pattern. We reviewed the verbs for to be and the preposition a, and how certain articles change with its use in various contexts. The irregular verbs that change when the penultimate syllable is an o is difficult for me as the o changes into the dipthong ue. Dipthongs are rare in English and I think this is why I struggle both in pronunciation and in the mental processing of the change.

Irregular verbs
Despartar/to wake up/depierto
Pensar/pienso/to think/pensamos
Sentir/to feel/siento (lo siento)
With the nosotros form it reverts to the normal conjugation
Comensar/to start, begin/comienso
Empezar/maybe something you do each day
Comensar/for the very first time
Penultimate syllable is a o for letter u and e with irregular verb, present, subjunctive, and imperative
Dormir, to sleep, yo duermo, tu duermes
Son)ar/to dream, yo sueno, tu suenas, el suena
Contar/to count, yo cuento, tu cuentes, el cuente,

Llover (to rain) third person form only
Llueve
Colgar, to hang, yo cuelgo
Prenda (singular form of clothes)
Ropa is only plural and for something general
Encontrar, to find, yo encuentro
Mobir, to move, yo muevo, tu mueves
Probar, to taste or try, yo pruebo, tu pruebas
Recordar, to remember, yo recuerdo
Recuerdo is also a noun
Volver, to return, yo vuelvo, tu vuelves,
Volar, to fly, yo vuelo
Poder, to be able, yo puedo, tu puedes
Oler, to smell, huelo (dipthongs take on an h), third person olemos (since doesnt change)

Verbs that in -acer -ecer, -ocer, -ucir
First person in singluar have a z and a c together
Aborrecer, to hate (to really not like), aborezco, only w/ the first person,
Conocer, to know/aquainted, conozco, conoces
Conducir, to drive(like cattle), conduzco
Cocer, to cook, (coc – cocina), (the prior rule trumps this rule), yo cueco,

Preposition A
Used before a verb, the verb must be an infinitive
Voy a….plus verb, verb always infinitive

El/los – masculine
Los stays the same always
El can change w/ preposition a before, it changes to al, after de change to del
Vengo  del parque
La comida es del perro

La/Las
Prepposition a la cama, de la cama. In plural the same.
El agua, las aguas
El aguila, las aguilas
Alma (soul)
El alma, las almas
Arte, el arte, las artes
Area, el area, las area
Aula (classroom), el aula, las aulas

Words that have -gue -gui
Guerra (war)
Aguila
These words you dont use pronounce the U

Verguenza (the U has the dots over it which requires you to pronounce the U)
Penguino (has the dots so you pronounce U)

-ge, -gi
Same as -je, -ji
Girar (jirar) (to spin)
Angel (Anjel, not angel)

The verb to be
Estar
Ser

Ser for events
Estar for people or things that are concrete

La reunion es en la oficina (is because its an event)
Mi mama esta en la cocina (because it is a person)

With Adjectivos
Es bonita, esta bonita
Emotions (estar)

Sometimes use tener (like cold, heat, hunger sed)
Sediento
Dont say estoy caliente (tengo calor

Reir (to laugh), yo rio (accent on i)
Venir, to come, yo vengo, tu vienes, viene, venimos
Perder, to lose, yo pierdo
Traer, to bring, traigo, traies, traemos
Distraer, distraigo (to distract)
Decir, yo no digo nada, tu dices, dice, decimo, dicen (to say)

Homework
Two exercises
Conjugate the verbs
She will send me two sentences

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