My homework from yesterday. This lesson was extremely difficult for me, mostly because it’s hard to wrap my mind around the necessity of pronombres procliticos and when they are necessary (since not all verbs require them). English doesn’t seem to have these (as far as I can tell), but Polish does (I think these are the self-reflexive pronouns in Polish).
Yun and I went through these this morning and I was mostly frustrated. I think I am starting to get it, but it’s a slow process.
Possesive nouns
First person singlular, mi, mio, mia, mis (my, your, his/hers, our, their)
Second, tu, tus, tuya, tuyo
Your and yours
Mi carro
El carro es mio.
My versus mine.
Su, sus, suya, suyo,
Nuestro, nuestros, nuestra (our and ours is the same, it doesnt change)
Nuestra iglesia, nuestras casas,
Second person singular, and plural, and third person plural is all the same.
Pronombres procliticos
Yo=me
Tu=te
Usted,el, ella/se
Nosotros/nos
Ustedes/se
Pro perso + pro pro + verb present
Yo me aprendo
Yo me aprendo tu nombre (I’m learning your name)
Yo aprendo tu nombre (I learn your name)
Tu te vas – you go from a place
Tu vas – you go somewhere
Tu te vas a el mercado – you go from the market (means the exact same as tu vas a el mercado)
Yun’s notes: “Tu vas a el mercado” sounds more like an order, or could sound more like a command. Using ‘te’ softens it a bit so it doesn’t sound like a command.
Tu te vas del mercado – you go from the market
Tu vas a el mercado – you go to the market
El se va a la escuela – he goes to the school (from home)
El va a la escuela – he goes to school
Yun’s notes: “El va a la escuela” sounds more like a command where “el se va a la escuela” is more descriptive.
El se va de a la escuela
Nosotros nos…
Reir
Yo me rio con mis amigos.
Yun’s notes: “Yo rio mis amigos” wouldn’t make sense.
Yo escribo una carta – i write a letter
You dont say – yo me escribo una carta
yo me escribo – i write letter to myself
Comprar
Use if its for yourself, versus for someone else
Perder, to get lost, or to lose
Yo me pierdo en el parque
Me perdi (past tense) en china – I got lost in china
Yo pierdo mis zapatos
You dont need to say yo, tu, nosotros, unless you’re intending to be emphatic
Caer – to fall
Yo me caigo – i fell
Pronombres encliticos
It can be one or two, but if two always together
There are 9
Me, te, se, le, nos, la, lo, las, los
(it)
Comprar
Compra te un carro – you buy the car for you
compra un carro (buy a car, someone, but not specifically you, adding te specifies who the imperative is directed toward)
Dar – to give
Dame una galleta – give me a cracker (to me)
Da una galleta – give a cracker (to non-specified)
Compratelo – buy it for you
Damela – give it to me
Escribala – write it (formal)
Escribela – write it (not formal)
Escribamela – write it (down for) me (formal)
Escribale una carta – you (formal) write a letter to her
Escribele una carta – you write a letter to her
escribasela – You (formal) write it (the letter) to her
escribetela – you write it (the letter) to her
escribe une carta a ella and escribele una carta a ella
it’s more common to say escribale than just escribe
Cambiar – to change
Cambiale el celular
Cambiaselo (same as above)
The -le tells me who they are changing the phone with
Limpia le la carra – clean her/his face
Limpiale los zapatos
Limpiaselos
Lava tus zapatos ….shoes are not part of your body, you would never say lavate los zapatos
So you would say lavate tus manos, because it’s part of your body
But when it refers to a third person, you would say lavale sus zapatos, and you would do the same with the first person plural so it would be lavanos los zapatos. So the rule is that you just dont do it for the second person singular.
She will send me homework tonight or tomorrow….